{"id":3833,"date":"2020-02-04T08:12:44","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T08:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/?p=3833"},"modified":"2020-09-04T09:03:27","modified_gmt":"2020-09-04T09:03:27","slug":"a-2-92-gbsw-and-0-43-gbsmg-flexible-and-scalable-cgra-based-baseband-processor-for-massive-mimo-detection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/?p=3833","title":{"rendered":"A 2.92-Gb\/s\/W and 0.43-Gb\/s\/MG Flexible and Scalable CGRA-Based Baseband Processor for Massive MIMO Detection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"paper_subtitle\">LANGUAGE English<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"paper_subtitle\"><span class=\"paper_subtitle\">SOURCE<\/span>\u00a0<strong>\u00a0<i>IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits<\/i><\/strong>, Vol:\u00a044 No:\u00a02 pp: 505-519<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"paper_subtitle\"><span class=\"paper_subtitle\">Published Date<\/span>:\u00a0Feb. 2020<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"paper_subtitle\">ABSTRACT<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Communication systems' development requires service customization in aspects, such as standards, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scales, and algorithms. The existing hardware designs for massive MIMO detection have difficulty in achieving both high flexibility and scalability with high hardware efficiency. This article proposes a baseband processor based on a dynamic coarse-grained reconfigurable array (CGRA) for massive MIMO detection. To efficiently support various algorithm features and requirements, three optimization techniques are proposed to achieve high flexibility and scalability. First, an on-demand matrix-vector systolic array is proposed to enable flexible and scalable matrix and vector operations, reducing memory accesses by 82%. Second, distributed multi-interaction data storage is designed for flexible data access and reusability. Finally, a continuable adaptive context information format is proposed to support different bit widths, operations, and extensions of MIMO systems, reducing context information by 67%. These techniques achieve the improvements of 1.33\u00d7, 1.34\u00d7, and 1.29\u00d7 in energy efficiency and 1.21\u00d7, 1.18\u00d7, and 1.18\u00d7 in area efficiency, evaluated by removing one technique at a time from the proposed architecture. Fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS technology, the chip achieves high flexibility and scalability in supporting various detection algorithms; various MIMO scales, such as 4 \u00d7 4, 32 \u00d7 32, and 128 \u00d7 8; and baseband processing tasks, such as filtering and fast Fourier transformation. When benchmarked on various detection algorithms, the processor achieves 1.64-2.92-Gb\/s\/W energy efficiency and 0.25-0.43-Gb\/s\/MG area efficiency, which are 2.78-28.54\u00d7 and 2.05-14.43\u00d7 those of state-of-the-art programmable designs, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first flexible and scalable CGRA-based baseband processor for massive MIMO detection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8911207\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-117\" title=\"pdf\" src=\"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/pdf.gif\"alt=\"\" width=\"95\" height=\"50\" \/><\/a>\tG. Peng, L. Liu, S. Zhou, Q. Wei, S. Yin, and S. Wei, A 2.92-Gb\/s\/W and 0.43-Gb\/s\/MG Flexible and Scalable CGRA-Based Baseband Processor for Massive MIMO Detection, <span class=\"papersource\">IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 2020, 55(2):505-519. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[100],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3833"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3833"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3833\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}