{"id":2540,"date":"2015-05-27T02:28:42","date_gmt":"2015-05-27T02:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/?p=2540"},"modified":"2016-07-05T08:52:30","modified_gmt":"2016-07-05T08:52:30","slug":"how-many-small-cells-can-be-turned-off-via-vertical-offloading-under-a-separation-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/?p=2540","title":{"rendered":"How Many Small Cells Can Be Turned off via Vertical Offloading under a Separation Architecture?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/2015_TWC15_offloading-sleeping.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-117\" title=\"pdf\" src=\"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/pdf.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"95\" height=\"50\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"paper_subtitle\">LANGUAGE<\/span><br \/>\nEnglish<br \/>\n<span class=\"paper_subtitle\">SOURCE<\/span><br \/>\nIEEE\u00a0Trans. Wireless Commun.<br \/>\n<span class=\"paper_subtitle\">Published Date<\/span>:2015-6<br \/>\n<span class=\"paper_subtitle\">ABSTRACT<\/span><br \/>\nTo further improve the energy efficiency of<br \/>\nheterogeneous networks, a separation architecture called<br \/>\nhyper-cellular network (HCN) has been proposed, which<br \/>\ndecouples the control signaling and data transmission functions.<br \/>\nSpecifically, the control coverage is guaranteed by macro base<br \/>\nstations (MBSs), whereas small cells (SCs) are only utilized for<br \/>\ndata transmission. Under HCN, SCs can be dynamically turned<br \/>\noff when traffic load decreases for energy saving. A<br \/>\nfundamental problem then arises: how many SCs can be<br \/>\nturned off as traffic varies? In this paper, we address this<br \/>\nproblem in a theoretical way, where two sleeping schemes (i.e.,<br \/>\nrandom and repulsive schemes) with vertical inter-layer<br \/>\noffloading are considered. Analytical results indicate the<br \/>\nfollowing facts: (1) Under the random scheme where SCs are<br \/>\nturned off with certain probability, the expected ratio of<br \/>\nsleeping SCs is inversely proportional to the traffic load of<br \/>\nSC-layer and decreases linearly with the traffic load of<br \/>\nMBS-layer; (2) The repulsive scheme, which only turns off the<br \/>\nSCs close to MBSs, is less sensitive to the traffic variations; (3)<br \/>\ndeploying denser MBSs enables turning off more SCs, which<br \/>\nmay help to improve network energy-efficiency. Numerical<br \/>\nresults show that about 50% SCs can be turned off on average<br \/>\nunder the predefined daily traffic profiles, and 10% more SCs<br \/>\ncan be further turned off with inter-layer channel borrowing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/2015_TWC15_offloading-sleeping.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-117\" title=\"pdf\" src=\"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/pdf.gif\"alt=\"\" width=\"95\" height=\"50\" \/><\/a>Shan Zhang, Jie Gong, Sheng Zhou, and Zhisheng Niu, <span class=\"papertitle\">How Many Small Cells Can Be Turned off via Vertical Offloading under a Separation Architecture?<\/span><span class=\"papersource\">IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.14, No.10, pp. 5440-5453, Oct. 2015<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[100],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2540"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2540"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2814,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2540\/revisions\/2814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/network.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/niulab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}